How is a TMDL developed?
A TMDL is developed by determining the maximum daily load of a pollutant that a waterbody can assimilate and meet Water Quality Standards. This load is then allocated to point source discharges, non-point source discharges, and a margin of safety reserve (to account for technical uncertainties). Following development of a draft, a TMDL is noticed for public comment. After making any appropriate modifications in response to the public comment, the TMDL is sent to the United States Environmental Protection Agency for approval. Once approved, the state is required to implement the TMDL so the waterbody will meet Water Quality Standards. The TMDL is implemented through existing programs, such as NPDES permits for point source discharges and non-point source control programs, to achieve the necessary pollutant reductions.

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1. How is a TMDL developed?
2. How is it decided which waterbodies need TMDLs?
3. Who is responsible for meeting these water quality standards?